DISTINGUISHING PHRASAL VERB (With example)
DISTINGUISHING PHRASAL VERB
It has been seen that the position of pronoun objects, adverbs
of manner and stress in spoken English varies according to whether a verb is
followed by a preposition or by and adverb.
These differences are summarized in the following table. The
verbs to sit and to turn are used as
examples. The verb to sit is followed byon used as
a preposition, whereas the verb to turn is followed by onused
as an adverb.
Verb + Preposition
|
Verb + adverb
|
Object pronoun is placed after the
preposition.
Ex: I sat on it.
Adverb of manner may be placed
between verb and preposition.
Ex: I sat quietly on it.
|
Object pronoun is placed before
the adverb.
Ex: I turned it on.
Adverb of manner may not be placed
between verb and adverb.
Ex: I quietly turned it on.
|
Verb is stressed:
This is what I sat on.
|
Adverb is stressed:
This is what I sat on.
|
Because of the summarized above, it is important to be able to
distinguish between a verb followed by a preposition, and a verb followed by an
adverb.
1) Adverb phrases of location compared with phrasal verbs followed
by objects
In many cases, it is necessary to distinguish between an
ordinary verb followed by an adverb phrase of location, and a phrasal verb
followed by an object.
Example:
- I turned up the street.
- I turned up the volume.
NOTE:
ç In the first
example, the verb turned is followed by the adverb phrase of
location up the street. In the second example, the phrasal verb turned
up is followed by the object volume. In this example, the
phrasal verb turned up has the meaning increased.
ç In the first
example, street is the object of the preposition up.
If the object is changed to a pronoun, the pronoun must follow the preposition.
Example:
- I turned up the street.
- I turned up it.
ç In the second
example, volume is the object of the phrasal verbturned up.
If the object is changed to a pronoun, the pronoun must precede the adverb up.
Example:
- I turned up the volume.
- I turned it up.
ç In the first
example, if the verb is modified by an adverb of manner, the adverb of manner
may precede the adverb phrase of location.
Example:
- I turned up the street.
- I turned quickly up the street.
ç In the second
example, if the verb is modified by an adverb of manner, the adverb of manner
may not be placed between the two parts of the phrasal verb.
Example:
- I turned up the volume.
- I quickly turned up the volume.
2) Words used as prepositions or adverbs
It is also necessary to be able to distinguish between a phrasal
verb consisting of a verb followed by a preposition, and a phrasal verb
consisting of a transitive verb followed by an adverb. In many cases, it is
possible to make the distinction by means of the preposition or adverb
following the verb.
ç The following
words are used in phrasal verbs as preposition, but are not usually
used in phrasal verbs as adverbs following transitive verbs.
After, at, by, from, of, toward,
without, against, before, for, into, to, with…
|
ç In contrast, the
following words are used in phrasal verbs asadverbs following
transitive verbs, but are not usually used in phrasal verbs as prepositions.
Along, away, behind, forward,
together, aside, back, down, out, up…
|
ç The following
words present more difficulty, since they can be used in phrasal verbs both as
prepositions and adverbs following transitive verbs.
Across, in, on, upon, through,
around, round, off, over…
|
NOTE: Thus, it is
advisable to study which phrasal verbs use these words as prepositions, and
which phrasal verbs use these words as adverbs. The following tables give
examples of phrasal verbs containing each of these words. The left-hand column
gives phrasal verbs consisting of verbs followed by prepositions, while the
right-hand column gives phrasal verbs consisting of transitive verbs followed
by adverbs.
Words used as prepositions or adverbs
Verb + Preposition
|
Transitive Verb + Adverb
|
Come across
Cut across
Run across
Stumble across
|
Get across ( an idea)
Put across (an idea)
|
Hang around
Lounge around
Mill around
Pass around
Rally round
Show around
|
Bring round
|
Confide in
Deal in
Join in
|
Break in
Breathe in
Call in
Fill in
Hand in
Phase in
Rope in
Take in
Trade in
|
Glance off
Deep off
Warn off
|
Call off
Fend off
Give off
Lay off
Pair off
Pension off
Polish off
Pull off
Put off
Reel off
Sell off
Shrug off
Turn off
Write off
|
Bank on
Border on
Build on
Call on
Come upon
Count on
Dawn on
Decide on
Dwell on
Enlarge on
Expand on
Frown on
Grow on
Hinge on
Live on
Pick on
Prey on
Reckon on
Survive on
Thrust upon
Touch on
Verge on
|
Cheer on
Hand on
Try on
Turn on
|
Get over
Go over
Run over
Watch over
|
Take over
Talk over
Think over
Paper over
Smooth over
|
Break through
get through
go through
leaf through
look through
sail through
scrape through
see through
sit through
wade through
|
Pull through
|
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