Compound থেকে Complex এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম

A compound sentence is characterized by
at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences and
are connected with coordinating conjunctions.

একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি
independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক
sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং  coordinating conjunction দিয়ে  যুক্ত থাকে ।

Such as, Listening to music and singing
songs are my hobbies.

On the other hand,  a complex sentence is characterized by one
independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

পক্ষান্তরে Complex sentence এ একটি
independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে একটি
dependent clause থাকে।

Such as, I will wait here until you
come.

The rules for transforming compound
sentence to complex sentence are discussed below.

Compound sentence কে
complex sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।

Rule
1:

If the compound sentence uses the
conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence
will use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be removed.

Compound sentence “but”/”yet”
conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক
clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করলে,
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “though”/”Although” বসে
“but”/”yet” উঠে যাবে ।

Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.

Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.

Compound: She is ill, yet she worked
very hard.

Complex: Although she is ill, she worked
very hard.

Compound: The class was lengthy, but it
was enjoyable.

Complex: Though the class was lengthy,
the class was enjoyable.

Rule
2:

If the compound sentence uses the
conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and future tense is
used in the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and
“should” after the person.

যদি Compound sentence এ
conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ব্যবহার করে পৃথক
clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয়
clause এ
future tense হয়, তবে
complex sentence এর মাঝে  “lest” হবে এবং
person এর পরে
“should” বসবে ।

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: Study hard lest you should
fail.

Compound: Practice hard otherwise you
will be out of the cricket team.

Complex: Practice hard lest you should
be out of the cricket team.

Rule
3:

If the compound sentence uses the
conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex sentence will use
“As soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle.

 যদি
compound sentence “and” conjunction  দিয়ে পৃথক
clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে, তবে
complex sentence এর শুরুতে “As soon as” বসে মাঝ থেকে
“and” উঠে যাবে ।

Compound: The rain stopped, and we
started the journey.

Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we
started the journey.

Compound: The crowd saw the hero and
started shouting.

Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the
hero, they started shouting.

Rule
4:

If the compound sentence uses “and”/
”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different clauses, the complex
sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/ ”so”/
”hence”/ ”therefore” from the middle.

যদি compound sentence “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/
”therefore” দিয়ে পৃথক
clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে, তবে
complex sentence এর শুরুতে “since”/ ”as”/ ”when” বসে
“and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” উঠে যাবে ।

Compound: The weather was bad, and the
match did not take place.

Complex: Since the weather was bad, the
match did not take place.

Compound: She was ill, so she did not
come.

Complex: As she was ill, she did not
come.

Compound: The sun has set to the west,
and therefore it is evening.

Complex: When it is evening, the sun has
set to the west.

Rule
5:

If the compound sentence uses “and” to
connect two different clauses about the same person, the complex sentence will
use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after it.

যদি 
compound sentence এ “and” ব্যবহৃত হয় একই ব্যক্তি সম্পর্কে দুটো ভিন্ন
clause যুক্ত করতে,  তবে complex sentence “and” এর স্থানে
relative pronoun “who” ব্যবহার করে এর পরের
pronoun উঠিয়ে দেবে ।

Compound: I saw a girl, and she was
singing.

Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.

Compound: I have a friend, and she is a
writer.

Complex: I have a friend who is a
writer.

Rule
6:

If the compound sentence follows this
structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate
clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if”
having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning.

যদি compound sentence এই
structure follow করে , “Let+ pronoun এর
object form + subordinate clause  এর
affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause”, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “if” ও এর পরে
first or third person ব্যবহার করে negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।

Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I
will be unable to learn it.

Complex: If I do not go there I will be
unable to learn it.

Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise
I will be unable to get good marks.

Complex: if I do not study hard I will
be unable to get good marks.

Rule
7:

If the compound sentence follows this
structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main
clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person
after it and it is in affirmative form.

Compound sentence যদি এই  structure follow করে ,
“Let+ pronoun  এর
object form + দুই  clauses এর  মাঝে “and” + main clause”, তবে
complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “if” ও এর পরে
first or third person ব্যবহার করে affirmative form এ থাকে ।

Compound: Let me study hard, and I will
be able to get good marks.

Complex: If I study hard, I will be able
to get good marks.

Compound: Let me go there, and I will be
able to learn it.

Compound: Let me go there, and I will be
able to learn it.

Rule
8:

If the compound sentence uses an
affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the complex sentence
starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative
meaning.

Compound sentence যদি এই  structure follow করে ,
verb এর
affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause, complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “if” ও এর পরে
second person ব্যবহার করে
negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: If you do not study hard, you
will fail.

Compound: Practice more, or you cannot
become a good singer.

Complex: If you do not practice more,
you cannot become a good singer.

Rule
9:

If the compound sentence uses an
affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex sentence starts with “if”
having second person after it and it's in affirmative form.

Compound sentence যদি এই  structure follow করে ,
verb এর
affirmative form + and + main clause, Complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “if” ও এর পরে
second person ব্যবহার করে
affirmative form এ থাকে ।

Compound: Study hard, and you will get
good marks.

Complex: If you study hard, you will get
good marks.

Compound: Read more, and your writing
capability will increase.

Complex: If you read more, your writing
capability will increase.

Rule
10:

If the compound sentence has this form,
“very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the complex sentence will
use “so…that” form.

যদি compound sentence “very….and
so/hence/therefore+ main clause” এই from এ থাকে, তবে
complex sentence “so…that” form ব্যবহার করবে ।

Compound: I am very tired, and
so/hence/therefore I cannot work.

Complex: I am so tired that I cannot
work.

Compound: The place is very crowded, and
so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.

Complex: The place is so crowded that I
cannot find a place to stand.

Rule
11:

If the compound sentence uses ”or”
between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence starts with “Unless”
following second person(you).

যদি compound sentence দুই
clause এর মাঝে
”or” ব্যবহার করে  উপদেশ দেয়া বোঝায়, তবে
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে  “Unless” ও এর পরে
second person (you) থাকে ।

Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot
advise anyone to say prayers.

Complex: Unless you say prayers, you
cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot
become a good singer.

Complex: Unless you practice hard, you
cannot become a good singer.